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The song situation for Licence to Kill was sloppy, with the opening and closing credits songs both running into unique problems. Gladys Knight's "Licence to Kill," which previews Tina Turner's instrumental and vocal tones for "Goldeneye," is not particularly remarkable in its primary melody. In fact, it owes far too much to fluffier pop mannerisms of the era to really stand apart as a memorable identity in the franchise. The only interesting part of the song is that which got it into trouble; the songwriters utilized the two opening brass notes from the classic "Goldfinger" song repetitively without attribution; eventually, John Barry and others had to be credited and paid royalties due to this blatant usage. Because "Licence to Kill" was also the longest song to ever be recorded for a Bond film, it had to be artificially shortened for the film. The other song, "If You Asked Me To," is heard over the end credits and is historically known for Celine Dion's cover version from three years later. Patti LaBelle's voice is far too irritating in its dainty tone when compared to Dion's smoother tones, so once again, it's no wonder that few people recall Licence to Kill for its music. Neither original song for the film went on to burn up the charts, barely registering on various sub-charts for a short time. Not surprisingly, because of the lack of Kamen's involvement in either song, their melodies are not adapted at all into the score, leading to a musical detachment that was rare in the franchise at the time. In general, Kamen's music is often considered adequate, but not really noteworthy. It's functional, but by no means spectacular. As a capable composer, he did execute some interesting variations on the original Norman theme and place a few short tributes to Barry's habitual series mannerisms in a few places. Kamen was also quite accomplished at creating Latin flair when necessary, and Licence to Kill was obviously a good place for that sound's introduction to the franchise. For casual observers of the movies, the resulting score dutifully serves its purpose somewhat conservatively and doesn't distract in the way that Eric Serra's often painful Goldeneye did. Additionally, Kamen's score utilizes few non-traditional symphonic instruments outside of the acoustic guitar, and because his style is a bit generic, it has aged remarkably well when compared to the one-time contributions to the Bond universe by Marvin Hamlisch and Bill Conti. To avid Kamen collectors, there are many satisfying connections between Licence to Kill and suspense motifs in Die Hard and the romantic tone of Don Juan DeMarco, as well as competent orchestrations.

Unfortunately, Kamen also made a few tremendous blunders in Licence to Kill that are only exacerbated by an absolutely wretched album release. First, his inability to translate one of the song's melodies into an overarching identity for the score is compounded by his choice not to provide his own dominant motif for the score. In fact, he really makes no attempt to provide Licence to Kill with any kind of main theme, instead playing it safe with bland underscore, a misplaced love theme, occasional references to the Norman theme, and the vaguely Latin atmosphere. The aforementioned love theme problem is a curious one; Kamen, for some reason, decided to provide Bond's primary love interest with a gorgeously Latin acoustic guitar identity (as heard in "Pam"). The problem is that she's an American CIA informant. Likewise, Dalton's performance is sometimes treated to Latin flair, which goes against Barry's tradition of keeping Bond's identity purely rooted in Norman's original jazzy tone (or some variant of it). Why this material wasn't restricted to general location shots or the drug lord and his henchmen is bizarre. The suspense music in Licence to Kill is awkwardly limp, sometimes relying on a solo bass woodwind or bloated tuba. This is contrary to the rhythm that Bond scores typically exhibit, even in their subtle moments. These difficulties yield an average overall score that still has its highlights. Undoubtedly, "Pam" is a pretty track on its own, and the truck chase in "Licence Revoked" features some brassy interludes for Norman's theme that rival David Arnold's in force. Also, some outstanding action moments in "James & Felix on Their Way to Church" culminate in a stunning final minute that includes a lovely nod to Barry's You Only Live Twice. Trying to seek these few highlights on MCA Records' album will frustrate the hell out of you, though. Few soundtracks have been as badly mangled in their presentation as Licence to Kill, and, unfortunately, no subsequent re-issue (as with the other Bond scores through Goldeneye) has ever rectified the situation. The placement of the songs near the start of the album is fine, though they include two worthless source pieces. The score cues are butchered severely in how they were edited for the album, and evidence of these badly managed edits can be clearly heard within nearly all of the score tracks. Some of the sudden transitions are distractingly severe and amateurish. There is no flow to the album as a result, and anyone trying to assemble a chronological presentation of the music as heard in the film will have better luck proving the existence of God to an atheist. Appreciate the score for what it is, but shun the abysmal album.   @Amazon.com: CD or Download

• Music as Written for the Film:  ***
• Music as Heard on Album:  *
• Overall:  **

Bias Check:

For Michael Kamen reviews at Filmtracks, the average editorial rating is 3.13 (in 15 reviews) and the average viewer rating is 3.22 (in 34,694 votes). The maximum rating is 5 stars.

Total Time: 45:32